OpenWrt编译番外篇（一）

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前言!

跟着我的脚步，一起摩擦！本番外篇包含一些基础、进阶、集成软件等内容！这是本篇的第一部，想不出要说什么了！哎！别说了！跟着我走！一步两步，一步两步..... To success!

res05_attpic_brief.jpg

一. 基础编译 

#编译环境为Ubuntu
sudo apt-get update #升级组件包
$安装编译需要的组件
sudo apt-get install gcc g++ binutils patch bzip2 flex bison make autoconf gettext texinfo unzip sharutils subversion libncurses5-dev ncurses-term zlib1g-dev git-core gawk asciidoc libz-dev sphinxsearch libtool sphinx-common libssl-dev libsqlite3* intltool libiconv* gstreamer-0.10* glib2.0 libxml2-dev qemu
（*64位系统需安装lib32z1 lib32ncurses5 lib32bz2-1.0）
mkdir openwrt #使用非root用户登录，建立openwrt目录
cd openwrt #进入openwrt目录
svn checkout svn://svn.openwrt.org/openwrt/trunk #下载openwrt源码(这里以trunk版为例子）
sudo chmod -R 777 trunk #赋予trunk目录权限
cd trunk #进入trunk目录
./scripts/feeds update -a #更新最新源码
./scripts/feeds install -a #安装最新源码
svn up #更新版本号
make menuconfig #进入编译菜单
Y：选择Y，该软件将被编译，并且加入到你的目标固件里；
M：选择M，该软件包将会被编译，但不会被放入固件里。在需要它的时候，可以用OPKG软件包管理器进行安装；
N：选择N，该软件包将不会被编译，也不会被安装进固件。
#方向键是移动光标
#回车键是确认
空格键是选择，可以代替Y/M/N键的使用
/:搜索
$编译
make V=99 #编译
make clean #清除编译过程产生的临时文件
make defconfig #恢复编译环境

以上步骤执行完后会在/bin/$target找到你编译完成的固件！

二. 编译进阶

1.配置WIFI参数

package/kernel/mac80211/files/lib/wifi/mac80211.sh 

config wifi-device  radio$devidx
    option type     mac80211
    option channel  11
    option hwmode    11ng
    option path    '10180000.wmac'
    option htmode    HT20
    list ht_capab    GF
    list ht_capab    SHORT-GI-20
    list ht_capab    SHORT-GI-40
    list ht_capab    TX-STBC
    list ht_capab    RX-STBC12
    # REMOVE THIS LINE TO ENABLE WIFI:
    option disabled 0
    option noscan 1
    option txpower 20
    option htmode HT40-
config wifi-iface
    option device   radio$devidx
    option network  lan
    option mode     ap
    option ssid     MakeBlaze_$(cat /sys/class/ieee80211/${dev}/macaddress|awk -F ":" '{print $4""$5""$6 }'| tr a-z A-Z)  #自定义SSID为MakeBlaze_MAC后六位
    option encryption none

二. 配置LUCI界面

feeds/luci/modules/base/root/etc/config/luci 

config core main
    option resourcebase '/luci-static/resources'
    option lang 'zh_cn' #设置默认语言
    option mediaurlbase '/luci-static/bootstrap' #设置默认主题
config internal languages #设置可选择的语言 
    option zh_cn 'chinese'
    option en 'English'
config internal themes #设置可选择的主题
    option Bootstrap '/luci-static/bootstrap'

三. 添加释放内存

feeds/luci/modules/admin-full/luasrc/controller/admin/index.lua 

function index()
+    entry({"admin", "Free_Memory"}, call("Free_Memory"), _("释放内存"), 75)
end
function Free_Memory()
    luci.util.exec("echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches")
    luci.http.redirect(luci.dispatcher.build_url("admin", "status", "overview"))
end

四. 顶栏显示重启

feeds/luci/modules/admin-full/luasrc/controller/admin/system.lua 

function index()
    entry({"admin", "reboot"}, call("action_reboot"), _("Reboot"), 90)
end

feeds/luci/modules/admin-full/luasrc/view/admin_system/reboot.htm 

<%:Perform reboot%>

五. 在顶栏显示备份/升级

feeds/luci/modules/admin-full/luasrc/controller/admin/system.lua 

function index()
    entry({"admin", "flashops"}, call("action_flashops"), _("Backup / Flash Firmware"), 70)
end

六. 修改/etc目录的配置文件

package/base-files/files/etc/ #你可以把你的备份文件导入进来

七. root密码修改

package/base-files/files/etc/shadow 

root:$1$wEehtjxj$YBu4quNfVUjzfv8p/PBo5.:0:0:99999:7::: #默认情况下root是没有密码的，需设定密码才能开启ssh

七. 修改路由连接数

package/base-files/files/etc/sysctl.conf 

net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=65535


八. 修改主机名/设定时区

package/base-files/files/etc/config/system 

config system
    #设置主机名
    option hostname 'MakeBlaze'
    option conloglevel '8'
    option cronloglevel '8'
    #设置时区
    option zonename 'Asia/Shanghai'
    option timezone 'CST-8'
#设置时间服务器
config timeserver 'ntp'
    option enable_server '1'
    list server '210.72.145.44'
    list server 's1a.time.edu.cn'
    list server 's1b.time.edu.cn'
    list server '202.120.2.101'
config led 'usb_led'
    option name 'USB'
    option sysfs 'hg255d:usb'
    option trigger 'usbdev'
    option dev '1-1'
    option interval '50'
config led 'wlan_led'
    option name 'WLAN'
    option sysfs 'hg255d:wlan'
    option trigger 'netdev'
    option dev 'ra0'
    option mode 'link tx'
config led 'internet_led'
    option name '<a title="INTERNET" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/6825.htm?fromtitle=Internet&fromid=272794&type=syn" target="_blank">INTERNET</a>'
    option sysfs 'hg255d:internet'
    option trigger 'netdev'
    option dev 'eth0.2'
    option mode 'tx rx'

九. 添加将自己开发的程序

在package下建立一个文件夹，以自己的项目命名，里边包括一个files文件夹和一个Makefile文件 

目录结构
<houzi>
├Makefile
├<files>
│  ├<etc>
│  │  ├<config>
│  │  │  └houzi
│  │  ├<init.d>
│  │  │  └houzi
│  ├<usr>
│  │  ├<lib>
│  │  │  ├<lua>
│  │  │  │  ├<luci>
│  │  │  │  │  ├<controller>
│  │  │  │  │  │  └houzi.lua
│  │  │  │  │  ├<model>
│  │  │  │  │  │  ├<cbi>
│  │  │  │  │  │  │  └houzi.lua
│  │  ├<sbin>
│  │  │  └houzi

package/houzi/Makefile 

include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk
PKG_NAME:=houzi
PKG_VERSION:=2.0.1        
PKG_RELEASE:=1
PKG_BUILD_DIR := $(BUILD_DIR)/$(PKG_NAME)
include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mk
define Package/houzi
  SECTION:=utils
  CATEGORY:=Utilities
  SUBMENU:=H3C inode
  TITLE:= iNode Compatible Client for HOUZI
  DEPENDS:=+libc +libgcc 
  MAINTAINER:= RiceLyn <wojiaolinmu008@gmail.com>
endef
define Package/houzi/description
    iNode Compatible Client for HOUZI
endef
define Build/Prepare
endef
define Build/Configure
endef
define Build/Compile
endef
define Package/houzi/install
    $(CP) ./files/* $(1)/
endef
$(eval $(call BuildPackage,houzi))

完成之后./scripts/feeds install -a,ccnu就会出现在Utilities -> H3C inode里

十. 集成软件

列如:添加aria2，luci添加，web管理界面 aria2 http://sourceforge.net/projects/aria2/files/stable/ 

#aria2的依赖安装
sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get install autoconf automake libcppunit-dev autopoint openssl libtool sphinx-common sphinxsearch libgcrypt11-dev 
#下载aria2源码
cd dl
sudo apt-get install wget
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/aria2/files/stable/aria2-1.18.7/aria2-1.18.7.tar.bz2
#获取md5码
md5sum aria2-1.18.7.tar.bz2

添加luci-aria2

https://github.com/nanpuyue/openwrt-extra (luci-app-aira2和webui-aria2) 

`src-git extra git://github.com/nanpuyue/openwrt-extra.git` #在feeds.conf.default中添加
./scripts/feeds update -a
./scripts/feeds install -a

最后在make menuconfig选中aria2，luci-app-aira2和webui-aria2

十一.menuconfig 配置举例子

make menuconfig配置 

#选择编译对象
Target System (Atheros AR71XXX/AR91XXX)    —> #目标系统，选择什么系列的soc
Subtarget (Genric)  —> #子目录。选择固件的类型，我这里选择默认标准类型SPI flash固件，还有 NOR NAND flash的固件
Target Profile (TP-LINK TL-W842N/ND)       —> #目标的类型,选择要编译的机型，选择默认编译时是编译全机型
Target Images —> #目标镜像，选择固件，选择默认就行了！这里不再对里面的类型进行解析
#添加USB挂载
Base system —> <*>block-mount
#添加硬盘格式支持
Kernel modules —> Filesystems —> <*> kmod-fs-ext4 (移动硬盘EXT4文件格式 )
Kernel modules —> Filesystems —> <*> kmod-fs-vfat(FAT16 / FAT32文件格式 )
Kernel modules —> Filesystems —> <*> kmod-fs-ntfs (NTFS文件格式 )
#添加USB相关支持
Kernel modules —> USB Support —> <*> kmod-usb-core.
Kernel modules —> USB Support —> <*> kmod-usb-ohci.
Kernel modules —> USB Support —> <*> kmod-usb-storage.
Kernel modules —> USB Support —> <*> kmod-usb-storage-extras.
Kernel modules —> USB Support —> <*> kmod-usb2.
Kernel modules —> USB Support —> <*> kmod-usb3.
#添加自动挂载工具
Utilities —> Filesystem —> <*> badblocks
#添加UTF8编码,CP437编码，ISO8859-1编码
Kernel modules —> Native Language Support —> <*> kmod-nls-cp437
Kernel modules —> Native Language Support —> <*> kmod-nls-iso8859-1
Kernel modules —> Native Language Support —> <*> kmod-nls-utf8
#添加SCSI支持
Kernel modules —> Block Devices —> <*>kmod-scsi-core
#添加luci
LuCI ->Collections -> <*> luci
#添加luci的中文语言包
LuCI ->Translations -> <*> luci-i18n-chinese
#添加LED支持
LED modules  —>
< *> kmod-ledtrig-usbdev…………………………. LED USB device Trigger

十二.使用RA-MOD第三方软件源 

/feeds/feeds.conf.default
src-git ramod git://github.com/ravageralpha/my_openwrt_mod.git #建议在后面添加，如果不使用可注释掉
./scripts/update -a
./scripts/install -a

十三.添加自动挂载脚本

/package/base-files/files/etc/gotplug/block/30-block_mount 

*引用*
#!/bin/sh
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Filename:    30-block_mount
# Revision:    0.5.1
# Data:        Jul. 7, 2014
# Email:       kevinyu@vip.qq.com **(感谢）**
# Contacts:    QQ/TM 389191 or mail address above
# Licensing:   General Public License v2
# Description: Created for automatic mount block devices on OpenWRT
# Usage:       Put this script into directory /etc/hotplug.d/block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
## Global settings of auto-mount script ##
# Turn on|off auto-mount function for disk volumes
VOL_ENABLED=1  # <0|1  0-Disable, 1-Enable>
# Turn on|off auto-mount function for sawp partition  
SWAP_ENABLED=1  # <0|1  0-Disable, 1-Enable>
# Set which method you want to name the mounted volumes
USE_VLABEL=1  # <0|1  0-Use device name, 1-Use volume label>  Eg. /mnt/sda1 | /mnt/DataDisk
#
# Note that if you choose name mount point by volume label but the volume's label is empty,
# the volume will be named to 'volume_$PARTUUID', such as the /mnt/volume_31173116-01
# Also, if exist more than one device which have the same volume label, it will be renamed 
# as the original name + sequence number, such as the /mnt/DataDisk_n (n=1,2,3..9)
# Show filesystem type as the prefix of mount point, requires set USE_VLABEL=1
FSTYPE_IN_VLABEL=1  # <0|1  0-Disable, 1-Enable>  Eg. /mnt/[ntfs]-DataDisk
# Set access the mounted device with read-write or read-only permission
FS_READONLY=0  # <0|1  0-Read Write, 1-Read Only>
# Exclusion list of auto-mount function
# Allows mixing the device name, volume label and UUID, each item must be separated by space(s)
# Eg. EXCLUDE_LIST="sda1 DataDisk f32b2ea6-4d42-43a5-bcec-7d818a163d07" 
EXCLUDE_LIST=""  # Default: empty string
# Specify a directory for mounts
MOUNTS_PATH="/mnt"  # Default: /mnt , don't need include the trailing slash (/)
# Define the add-ons scripts directory for automatic execute
ADDSH_PATH="/etc/hotplug.d/user"  # Script naming rule: [0-9][0-9]-xxxxx, Eg. 20-backup-sdcard
## End of global settings ##
# Purge the directory MOUNTS_PATH
purge_mnts()
{
local i RETVAL
[ -d $MOUNTS_PATH ] || return 1
for i in $MOUNTS_PATH/* ; do
    if [ -d $i ] ; then
        if [ -z "`ls -A $i 2>&-`" ] ; then
            `grep -qs "$i" /proc/mounts` || { rm -rf $i 2>/dev/null; RETVAL=$?; }
            if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] ; then
                logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Unused mount point $i was removed"
                [ "$CLI" = "yes" ] && echo "[Notice] Unused mount point '$i' was removed"
            else
                logger -t Auto-Mount "[Error] Remove unused mount point $i failed"
                [ "$CLI" = "yes" ] && echo "[Error] Remove unused mount point $i failed"
            fi
        fi
    fi
done
}
# Unmount all block device
umountall()
{
local i MOUNTS
MOUNTS=`grep -os '^/dev/sd[a-z][1-9]' /proc/mounts`
for i in $MOUNTS ; do
    umount -f $i
    [ $? -eq 0 ] &&    echo "[Notice] Device $i unmounted" | tee /proc/self/fd/2 | logger -t Auto-Mount
done
purge_mnts
}
# Detect blkid exists
BLKID=`which blkid`
if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
    logger -t Auto-Mount "[Error] Unable to mount block devices automatically because 'blkid' does not exist"
    exit 1
fi
MOUNTS_PATH=${MOUNTS_PATH%/}
[ -z "$ACTION" ] && ACTION=${1##*-}
[ -n "$DEVICENAME" ] && DEV=$DEVICENAME || DEV=$2
logger -t Auto-Mount "[Debug] action='$ACTION' devicename='$DEV'"
case "$ACTION" in
    add)
        [ -z "$DEV" ] && { logger -t Auto-Mount "[Error] Missing required arguments: \$devicename"; exit 1; }
        if [ -n "$EXCLUDE_LIST" ] ; then
            UUID=`$BLKID -s UUID /dev/$DEV | awk -F '=' '{print $NF}' | tr -d '"| '`
            VLABEL=`$BLKID -d -s LABEL /dev/$DEV | awk -F '=' '{print $NF}' | tr -d '"| '`
            for i in $EXCLUDE_LIST ; do
                ignore=0
                if `echo "$i" | grep -qs '^sd[a-z][1-9]$'` ; then  # is device name
                    [ $i = $DEV ] && ignore=1
                elif `echo "$i" | grep -Eiqs '^[0-9a-f]{8}(-[0-9a-f]{4}){3}-[0-9a-f]{12}$'` ; then  # is UUID
                    [ $i = $UUID ] && ignore=1
                else  # as volume label
                    [ $i = $VLABEL ] && ignore=1
                fi
                [ $ignore -eq 1 ] && { logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Device $DEV is ignored because it in exclusion list"; exit 0; }
            done
        fi
        if `echo "$DEV" | grep -qs '^sd[a-z][1-9]$'` ; then
            [ -z "$VLABEL" ] && VLABEL=`$BLKID -d -s LABEL /dev/$DEV | awk -F '=' '{print $NF}' | tr -d '"| '`
            [ -z "$VLABEL" ] && VLABEL="unknown"
            FSTYPE=`$BLKID -s TYPE /dev/$DEV | awk -F '=' '{print $NF}' | tr -d '"| '`
            logger -t Auto-Mount "[Debug] devicename='$DEV' volume_label='$VLABEL' fstype='$FSTYPE'"
            MCMD=""  # set default value
            [ $FS_READONLY -eq 1 ] && acs="ro" || acs="rw"
            case "$FSTYPE" in
                ext[234])
                    if `grep -vs '^nodev' /proc/filesystems | grep -qs "$FSTYPE"` ; then
                        MCMD="mount -t $FSTYPE -o ${acs},noatime"
                    fi
                    ;;
                xfs|reiserfs)
                    if `grep -vs '^nodev' /proc/filesystems | grep -qs "$FSTYPE"` ; then
                        MCMD="mount -t $FSTYPE -o ${acs},noatime"
                    fi
                    ;;
                iso9660|udf)
                    if `grep -vs '^nodev' /proc/filesystems | grep -qs "$FSTYPE"` ; then
                        MCMD="mount -t $FSTYPE -o ro"
                    fi                    ;;
                vfat|msdos)
                    if `grep -vs '^nodev' /proc/filesystems | grep -qs "$FSTYPE"` ; then
                        MCMD="mount -t $FSTYPE -o ${acs},codepage=936,umask=000"  #iocharset=utf8
                    fi
                    ;;
                exfat)
                    if `grep -Eqs '^[[:space:]]+fuseblk$' /proc/filesystems` && `which mount.exfat >/dev/null` ; then
                        MCMD="mount.exfat -o ${acs},iocharset=cp936,umask=000"
                    fi
                    ;;
                ntfs)
                    if `grep -Eqs '^[[:space:]]+fuseblk$' /proc/filesystems` && `which mount.ntfs-3g >/dev/null` ; then
                        MCMD="mount -t ntfs-3g -o ${acs},noatime,big_writes,async,umask=000"
                    fi
                    ;;
                swap)
                    [ $SWAP_ENABLED -ne 1 ] && exit 0
                    if [ `grep -vs '^Filename' /proc/swaps | wc -l` -eq 0 ] ; then
                        MCMD="swapon /dev/$DEV"
                    fi
                    ;;
                *)
                    MCMD=""
                    ;;
            esac
            [ $VOL_ENABLED -ne 1 ] && exit 0
            if [ $FSTYPE = "swap" ] ; then
                MOPT=""
            elif [ $FSTYPE = "iso9660" -o $FSTYPE = "udf" ] ; then
                CDROM="cdrom"
                if `grep -qs "$MOUNTS_PATH/$CDROM " /proc/mounts` ; then
                    SUFFIX=1
                    while `grep -qs "$MOUNTS_PATH/$CDROM " /proc/mounts` ; do
                        [ $SUFFIX -lt 10 ] && CDROM="${CDROM%_*}_$SUFFIX" || { CDROM="${CDROM%_*}_99"; break; }
                        let SUFFIX++
                    done
                fi
                MPOINT=$CDROM
            else
                if [ $USE_VLABEL -eq 1 ] ; then
                    if [ $VLABEL = "unknown" ] ; then
                        PARTUUID=`$BLKID -s PARTUUID /dev/$DEV | awk -F '=' '{print $NF}' | tr -d '"| '`
                        [ -z "$PARTUUID" ] && PARTUUID=`cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid | cut -f1 -d'-'`
                        VLABEL="volume_${PARTUUID}"
                    elif `grep -qis "$MOUNTS_PATH/$VLABEL " /proc/mounts` ; then
                        SUFFIX=1
                        while `grep -qis "$MOUNTS_PATH/$VLABEL " /proc/mounts` ; do
                            if [ $SUFFIX -lt 10 ] ; then
                                VLABEL="$(echo "$VLABEL" | sed 's/_[0-9]\+$//')_$SUFFIX"
                                let SUFFIX++
                            else
                                VLABEL="$(echo "$VLABEL" | sed 's/_[0-9]\+$//')_99"
                                break
                            fi
                        done
                    fi
                    [ $FSTYPE_IN_VLABEL -eq 1 ] && MPOINT="[${FSTYPE}]-${VLABEL}" || MPOINT=$VLABEL
                else
                    MPOINT=$DEV
                fi
                MOPT="/dev/$DEV $MOUNTS_PATH/$MPOINT"
            fi
            if [ -n "$MCMD" ] ; then
                if ! `grep -qs '/dev/$DEV' /proc/mounts` ; then
                    [ $FSTYPE = "swap" ] || { [ -d $MOUNTS_PATH/$MPOINT ] || mkdir -p $MOUNTS_PATH/$MPOINT; }
                    logger -t Auto-Mount "[Debug] MountCMD='$MCMD $MOPT'"
                    # echo "[Debug] MountCMD='$MCMD $MOPT'" >> /tmp/auto-mount-debug
                    $MCMD $MOPT
                    RETVAL=$?
                    if [ $FSTYPE = "swap" ] ; then
                        if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] ; then
                            logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Swap device /dev/$DEV turned on" 
                        fi
                    else
                        if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] ; then
                            logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Block device /dev/$DEV mounted on $MOUNTS_PATH/$MPOINT" 
                        else
                            logger -t Auto-Mount "[Warning] Re-try mount the block device /dev/$DEV after 2 seconds..."
                            sleep 2
                            $MCMD $MOPT
                            if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
                                logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Block device /dev/$DEV mounted on $MOUNTS_PATH/$MPOINT" 
                            else
                                rm -rf $MOUNTS_PATH/$MPOINT 2>/dev/null
                                logger -t Auto-Mount "[Error] Mount block device /dev/$DEV encounters an error"
                                exit 1
                            fi
                        fi
                    fi
                fi
            else
                if [ $FSTYPE = "swap" ] ; then
                    logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Swap device /dev/$DEV was ignored"
                else
                    logger -t Auto-Mount "[Error] Unsupported filesystem '$FSTYPE' on /dev/$DEV"
                fi
            fi
            unset MCMD
        fi
        purge_mnts
        ;;
    remove)
        [ -z "$DEV" ] && { logger -t Auto-Mount "[Error] Missing required arguments: \$devicename"; exit 1; }
        if `echo "$DEV" | grep -qs '^sd[a-z][1-9]$'` ; then
            if `grep -qs '/dev/$DEV' /proc/mounts` ; then
                MPATH=`awk -F ' ' '/\/dev\/'"$DEV"'/ {print $2}' /proc/mounts 2>/dev/null`
                umount /dev/$DEV
                [ $? -eq 0 ] &&    logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Block device $DEV unmounted"
                [ -d "$MPATH" ] && rm -rf $MPATH 2>/dev/null
            fi
            if `grep -qs '/dev/$DEV' /proc/swaps` ; then
                swapoff $DEV
                [ $? -eq 0 ] &&    logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Swap device $DEV turned off"                 
            fi            
        fi
        purge_mnts
        ;;
    umountall)
        CLI="yes"
        umountall
        ;;
    purge)
        CLI="yes"
        purge_mnts
        ;;
    *)
        echo "[Error] ** Invalid action arguments: $ACTION" | tee /proc/self/fd/2 | logger -t Auto-Mount
        ;;
esac
## Execute the add-ons script
# ADDSH_PATH="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"; cd ..; pwd)/user"
if [ -n "`ls -A $ADDSH_PATH 2>&-`" ]; then
    i=0
    for addsh in ${ADDSH_PATH}/[0-9][0-9]-* ; do
        [ $i -eq 0 ] && logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] -- Execute additional scripts ..."
        logger -t Hotplug-Debug "-- Exec script - $addsh"
        sh $addsh $ACTION $DEV 
        let i++
    done
fi
# Script EOF

完结!

参考:
http://www.sl088.com/voyage/2012/08/10744.slboat
https://github.com/ravageralpha/my_openwrt_mod.git

转载 HOUZI的博客

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